bpo-36819: Fix crashes in built-in encoders with weird error handlers (GH-28593)

bpo-36819: Fix crashes in built-in encoders with weird error handlers (GH-28593)

If the error handler returns position less or equal than the starting
position of non-encodable characters, most of built-in encoders didn't
properly re-size the output buffer. This led to out-of-bounds writes,
and segfaults.
(cherry picked from commit 18b07d773e09a2719e69aeaa925d5abb7ba0c068)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Origin: upstream, https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/206f416bd07ca3bc9c8bafd124c943d4d0293039

Gbp-Pq: Name CVE-2025-4516-4.patch